That night, Kennedy set forth in his message to the Soviet leader proposed steps for the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba under supervision of the United Nations, and a guarantee that the United States would not attack Cuba. It was a risky move to ignore the second Khrushchev message. Attorney General Robert Kennedy then met secretly with Soviet Ambassador to the United States, Anatoly Dobrynin, and indicated that the United States was planning to remove the Jupiter missiles from Turkey anyway, and that it would do so soon, but this could not be part of any public resolution of the missile crisis.
The next morning, October 28, Khrushchev issued a public statement that Soviet missiles would be dismantled and removed from Cuba.
The crisis was over but the naval quarantine continued until the Soviets agreed to remove their IL—28 bombers from Cuba and, on November 20, , the United States ended its quarantine. Jupiter missiles were removed from Turkey in April It also may have helped mitigate negative world opinion regarding the failed Bay of Pigs invasion.
Two other important results of the crisis came in unique forms. Menu Menu. Milestones: — For more information, please see the full notice. Aerial view of missile launch site at San Cristobal, Cuba. John F. Kennedy Library. Ask students to support all statements with evidence taken from the Confidential Files. Explain to students the following outcomes of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Project these points in a PowerPoint presentation or write them on a piece of poster paper. Have students respond to the following questions, supporting their responses with evidence from the activity. To what extent was Kennedy a successful leader in this crisis? In what ways? For this activity, it would be useful to have desks or tables arranged to facilitate students working in small groups.
This activity is extremely student-centered, involving small group work and student-led discussion. Following the Bay of Pigs invasion in , Fidel Castro, the communist leader of Cuba, became convinced that at some point the United States would attempt to remove him from power. As a result, he grew increasingly defiant of American policymakers and courted the leaders of the Soviet Union to bolster the strength of his small island country.
In , Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev offered to place Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba just kilometers 90 miles off the coast of Florida. An American spy plane eventually discovered the existence of missile sites off the coast of Cuba, sparking what would come to be known as the Cuban Missile Crisis.
President John F. Kennedy demanded that all nuclear missiles be removed from Cuba and blockaded the island to prevent further deliveries of nuclear warheads. During the thirteen-day standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union, the world teetered on the brink of nuclear war.
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You cannot download interactives. Students read and annotate a briefing about the energy crisis of the s and identify stakeholders in the U. They research possible measures President Gerald R. Ford could take to alleviate the crisis and distill the information to key points. Patrick Meier is a crisis mapper. He collects data and assembles real-time maps that help local relief organizations deliver aid to disaster victims.
Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. President Kennedy was briefed about the situation on October 16, and he immediately called together a group of advisors and officials known as the executive committee, or ExComm. For nearly the next two weeks, the president and his team wrestled with a diplomatic crisis of epic proportions, as did their counterparts in the Soviet Union.
For the American officials, the urgency of the situation stemmed from the fact that the nuclear-armed Cuban missiles were being installed so close to the U. From that launch point, they were capable of quickly reaching targets in the eastern U. If allowed to become operational, the missiles would fundamentally alter the complexion of the nuclear rivalry between the U.
The Soviets had long felt uneasy about the number of nuclear weapons that were targeted at them from sites in Western Europe and Turkey, and they saw the deployment of missiles in Cuba as a way to level the playing field. Another key factor in the Soviet missile scheme was the hostile relationship between the U. The Kennedy administration had already launched one attack on the island—the failed Bay of Pigs invasion in —and Castro and Khrushchev saw the missiles as a means of deterring further U.
From the outset of the crisis, Kennedy and ExComm determined that the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba was unacceptable. The challenge facing them was to orchestrate their removal without initiating a wider conflict—and possibly a nuclear war. In deliberations that stretched on for nearly a week, they came up with a variety of options, including a bombing attack on the missile sites and a full-scale invasion of Cuba.
But Kennedy ultimately decided on a more measured approach. First, he would employ the U. Navy to establish a blockade, or quarantine, of the island to prevent the Soviets from delivering additional missiles and military equipment. Second, he would deliver an ultimatum that the existing missiles be removed. In a television broadcast on October 22, , the president notified Americans about the presence of the missiles, explained his decision to enact the blockade and made it clear that the U.
Following this public declaration, people around the globe nervously waited for the Soviet response. Some Americans, fearing their country was on the brink of nuclear war, hoarded food and gas. A crucial moment in the unfolding crisis arrived on October 24, when Soviet ships bound for Cuba neared the line of U. An attempt by the Soviets to breach the blockade would likely have sparked a military confrontation that could have quickly escalated to a nuclear exchange. But the Soviet ships stopped short of the blockade.
Although the events at sea offered a positive sign that war could be averted, they did nothing to address the problem of the missiles already in Cuba.
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