Hydrochloric acid is a simple compound consisting of two atoms. The bond angle is degrees. It is sp 3 hybridized. Structure of Hydrochloric acid. The physical properties of Hydrochloric acid change with the concentration. For example, the density, viscosity, and vapour pressure of Hydrochloric acid increase with the concentration of the acid.
Melting point, boiling point, and specific heat decrease with concentration. The pH of Hydrochloric acid is in the acidic range, ranging from Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid as it readily releases Hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.
It is a commonly used laboratory and commercial reagent since it reacts with several metals and compounds. It is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is used in the production of plastics , dyes, gelatin, and fertilizers. It is used in the rubber , textile, and photography industries. It is used in leather processing industries.
It is used for household cleaning. Ionic and Covalent Bonds. Ionic Bonds : The ionic bonds are formed by transferring electron s from one atom to another atom. There is an electrostatic force of attraction between cations and anions in an ionic bond. Covalent Bonds : The covalent bonds are formed by sharing of an electron pair s between two atoms. The covalent bonds are further classified as single, double, and triple bonds depending on the number of electron pairs shared within two atoms.
Obviously, we cannot answer this question by looking at atoms involved in bond formation. We require a quantitative parameter to differentiate the ionic and covalent bonds.
That parameter is Electronegativity values. It is the property of an atom by which an atom attracts the shared electron pair towards it. The electronegativity values of the atoms are taken from the Pauling scale. If the electronegativity difference between two atoms in a chemical bond is greater than 2. However, if this difference is less than 2. The electronegativity difference of the H-Cl bond is only 0. However, hydrogen chloride is not a true covalent compound. Why is it so and what are true covalent compounds?
A true covalent bond is formed when there is an equal sharing of the electron from each atom in the molecule such as homonuclear molecules i.
However, the covalent character or we can say purity of covalency decreases when there are heteronuclear molecules. In heteronuclear molecules, atoms do not share electron s equally because of the difference in the electronegativity value. Hence, HCl is not a true covalent compound as the chlorine atom will attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself owing to its higher electronegativity 3.
Or we can say that the H-Cl bond in the hydrogen chloride compound is a polar covalent bond. It means that the H-Cl bond act as a dipole with a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on the chlorine atom. It would be quite interesting if we can calculate the partial charge on the atom. So, let us calculate the partial charge on the hydrogen and chlorine atom in hydrogen chloride.
The formula for measurement of charge is as follows:. The dipole moment of hydrogen chloride is 1. If we substitute the values in the above equation, the partial charge on the hydrogen atom comes out to be 0.
There will be equal but opposite charge on the chlorine atom i. Our next step would be to estimate the percentage of electrons transferred from the hydrogen atom to the chlorine atom in hydrogen chloride, which is known Ionic character in the covalent bond. It confirms that the H-Cl bond in the hydrogen chloride is a polar covalent bond, not an ionic bond. It is another criterion for distinguishing between Ionic and covalent bonds. In brief, hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound based on the electronegativity difference between two atoms of the HCl molecule.
It confirms the nature of the H-Cl bond in the HCl molecule as a polar covalent bond. November 9, November 9, November 8, November 7, Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Skip to content HCl is known as hydrochloric acid or muriatic acid. Let us discuss the covalent nature of hydrogen chloride in detail. Chemical Bond First of all, let us have a look at a modern periodic table. How chemical bonds are formed?
We know that an atomic number of an atom corresponds to the number of electrons in an atom.
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