An oxidation-reduction or redox reaction is one in which electrons are transferred between two species. The rusting of iron is an example of a redox reaction. In this reaction iron metal losses electrons is oxidized and the oxygen gains electrons is reduced. In a redox reduction something is always oxidized while another species is reduced. Oxidation is easy to recognize when an element changes changes oxidation state to become an ion.
However when dealing with organic molecules, atoms are joined by covalent bonds rather than ionic ones so oxidation is not as easily recognized. In organic molecules, an atom is oxidized if during a reaction it becomes bonded to a more electronegative element which pulls electron density away from it.
In general, oxidation occurs if the oxygen content of a covalently bonded molecule increases or if the hydrogen content decreases. The carbon atom in methane CH 4 is more reduced than the carbon atom in carbon dioxide CO 2. Combustion is a reaction with oxygen.
In the case of the combustion of fossil fuels, the combustion reaction is what we think of as a burning process. In the combustion reaction, the species reacting with the oxgyen is oxidized because oxygen is very electronegative. Fossil fuels are composed primarily of hydrocarbons molecules containing primarily carbon hydrogen bonds. In these molecules carbon is in a very reduced state.
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Fossil fuels Fossil fuels include coal, oil and natural gas. Advantages of using fossil fuels At the moment, fossil fuels are relatively cheap and easy to obtain. This may not always be the case. Much of our infrastructure is designed to run using fossil fuels. Disadvantages of using fossil fuels Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy resources.
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